Two electrochemical sensors based on pencil graphite electrodes modified with azo dye and a novel Schiff base for lead and cadmium ion quantification

Abstract

This research presents the development of two novel electrochemical sensors utilizing pencil graphite electrodes modified with azo dye and a Schiff base for the sensitive and selective detection of lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) ions. The sensors demonstrate excellent analytical performance with low detection limits and wide linear ranges, making them suitable for environmental monitoring applications.

Key Highlights

• Development of cost-effective pencil graphite electrode-based sensors
• Novel modification with azo dye and Schiff base compounds
• Simultaneous detection of lead and cadmium ions
• Low detection limits and excellent reproducibility
• Application in real water samples

Research Significance

Heavy metal contamination in water sources poses significant environmental and health risks. This work contributes to the development of affordable, portable sensing technologies for on-site monitoring of toxic metal ions in water systems.